{"id":109161,"date":"2025-07-29T12:33:54","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T10:33:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geosurveys.it\/?page_id=109161"},"modified":"2025-08-06T15:14:56","modified_gmt":"2025-08-06T13:14:56","slug":"ertip-in-hole-geoelectrics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/geosurveys.it\/en\/ertip-in-hole-geoelectrics\/","title":{"rendered":"ERT+IP in hole geoelectrics"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; back_color=&#8221;color-jevc&#8221; back_image=&#8221;108836&#8243; kburns=&#8221;yes&#8221; overlay_color=&#8221;color-jevc&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;20&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;4&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; content_parallax=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;528517&#8243; overlay_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221; back_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_horizontal=&#8221;left&#8221; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;704479&#8243;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;103021&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; text_weight=&#8221;700&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;212501&#8243;]ELECTRICAL METHODS[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h1&#8243; text_font=&#8221;font-377884&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h1&#8243; text_weight=&#8221;500&#8243; css_animation=&#8221;curtain-words&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;343287&#8243;]ERT+IP in hole geoelectrics[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;3&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; content_parallax=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;204319&#8243;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;149024&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;104431&#8243;][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;-2&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;7\/12&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;127737&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;109364&#8243; media_width_percent=&#8221;80&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;197396&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; css_animation=&#8221;bottom-t-top&#8221; animation_delay=&#8221;300&#8243; width=&#8221;5\/12&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;218625&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1748424728366{padding-right: 30px !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h3&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;212697&#8243;]In-hole geoelectric surveys are based on measuring the apparent resistivity and apparent chargeability of the subsurface using electrodes installed inside one or more boreholes.[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;125202&#8243;]This methodology makes it possible to obtain a geoelectrical characterization of the subsurface with high vertical resolution, representing a valuable extension of traditional surface ERT\/IP surveys, especially in contexts where the stratigraphy is complex or covered by low conductivity materials.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;590919&#8243;]The principle of operation is similar to that of multielectrode surface surveys: data acquisition is by means of a georesistivimeter, which manages the sequential activation of electrodes, installed at different depths along the borehole walls. The holes can be single (for vertical down-hole type measurements) or multiple (for 2D and 3D cross-hole configurations), allowing direct exploration of the investigated volume horizontally and vertically. Electrodes can be temporarily lowered or permanently installed, depending on monitoring needs. Finally, performing repeated measurements over time (timelapse), especially in 3D configuration, is a powerful tool for dynamic monitoring.[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;3&#8243; desktop_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; mobile_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;2&#8243; desktop_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; medium_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; content_parallax=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;141228&#8243;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;1&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;-5&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;3&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; css_animation=&#8221;left-t-right&#8221; animation_speed=&#8221;1100&#8243; animation_delay=&#8221;600&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;656733&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; mobile_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;353294&#8243;][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;bottom&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; back_color=&#8221;color-172302&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;3\/12&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;712395&#8243; back_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_transform=&#8221;uppercase&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;194857&#8243;]Fields of Application:[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;771256&#8243;]Electro-stratigraphic reconstruction[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;204605&#8243;]Verification of presence or search for aquifers[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;147180&#8243;]Study of pollution phenomena in soils or groundwater[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;157559&#8243;]Definition of contaminated volumes[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;bottom&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; back_color=&#8221;color-172302&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;3\/12&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;594545&#8243; back_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; medium_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; mobile_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;472050&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;719892&#8243;]Search for hidden cavities[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;807826&#8243;]Stratigraphic research[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;810641&#8243;]Detection of subsurface leaks[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;114191&#8243;]Study of landslides[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;103195&#8243;]Mineral prospecting[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; 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uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;944522&#8243;]Electro-stratigraphic reconstruction[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;138238&#8243;]Verification of presence or search for aquifers[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;213226&#8243;]Study of pollution phenomena in soils or groundwater[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;197192&#8243;]Definition of contaminated volumes[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;128906&#8243;]Search for hidden cavities[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;356930&#8243;]Stratigraphic research[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;478723&#8243;]Detection of subsurface leaks[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;201410&#8243;]Study of landslides[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;726916&#8243;]Mineral prospecting[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][uncode_block id=&#8221;108192&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; back_color=&#8221;color-jevc&#8221; back_image=&#8221;108836&#8243; kburns=&#8221;yes&#8221; 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