{"id":109159,"date":"2025-07-29T12:24:20","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T10:24:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geosurveys.it\/?page_id=109159"},"modified":"2025-07-30T16:23:04","modified_gmt":"2025-07-30T14:23:04","slug":"ertip-surface-geoelectrics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/geosurveys.it\/en\/ertip-surface-geoelectrics\/","title":{"rendered":"ERT+IP surface geoelectrics"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; back_color=&#8221;color-jevc&#8221; back_image=&#8221;108832&#8243; kburns=&#8221;yes&#8221; overlay_color=&#8221;color-jevc&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;20&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;4&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; content_parallax=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;121468&#8243; overlay_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221; back_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_horizontal=&#8221;left&#8221; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;704479&#8243;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;103021&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; text_weight=&#8221;700&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;119416&#8243;]ELECTRICAL METHODS[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h1&#8243; text_font=&#8221;font-377884&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h1&#8243; text_weight=&#8221;500&#8243; css_animation=&#8221;curtain-words&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;159735&#8243;]ERT+IP surface geoelectrics[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;3&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; content_parallax=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;204319&#8243;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;149024&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;104431&#8243;][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;-2&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;7\/12&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;127737&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;108787&#8243; media_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;886207&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; css_animation=&#8221;bottom-t-top&#8221; animation_delay=&#8221;300&#8243; width=&#8221;5\/12&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;218625&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1748424728366{padding-right: 30px !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h3&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;675723&#8243;]Geoelectrical methods are based on measuring the apparent resistivity of the soil.[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;633301&#8243;]These completely noninvasive investigations provide fundamental information on the lithological nature of soils due to the sensitivity of electrical resistivity to physical parameters such as mineralogical composition, presence of fluids, temperature, porosity, and degree of cementation of the material. An extension of the ERT method is Induced Polarization (IP), a complementary technique that measures the apparent chargeability of soil. After DC injection, the decay of the electrical potential during the discharge phase is recorded, a parameter sensitive to the low-frequency capacitive properties of the materials. These properties are related to electrochemical polarization processes occurring at the interface between grains and fluids in the pores, often influenced by fluid chemistry, lithological variations.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;117980&#8243;]Prospecting is conducted along linear profiles (2D) or on areally distributed grids (3D), by installing equidistant electrodes, connected by a multicore cable connected to a geosurveyor. Finally, taking repeated measurements over time (timelapse), especially in 3D configuration, is a powerful tool for dynamic monitoring.[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;3&#8243; desktop_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; mobile_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;2&#8243; desktop_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; medium_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; content_parallax=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;141228&#8243;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;1&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;-5&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;3&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; css_animation=&#8221;left-t-right&#8221; animation_speed=&#8221;1100&#8243; animation_delay=&#8221;600&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;656733&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; mobile_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;353294&#8243;][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;bottom&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; back_color=&#8221;color-172302&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;3\/12&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;712395&#8243; back_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_transform=&#8221;uppercase&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;692867&#8243;]Fields of Application:[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;122497&#8243;]Checking for the presence of structural discontinuities (faults, slip-surfaces, etc.)[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;244222&#8243;]Verification of presence or search for groundwater[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;129964&#8243;]Study of pollution phenomena in soils or groundwater[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;167742&#8243;]Definition of contaminated volumes[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;bottom&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; back_color=&#8221;color-172302&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;3\/12&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;594545&#8243; back_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; medium_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; mobile_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;472050&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;165398&#8243;]Search for hidden cavities[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;799991&#8243;]Stratigraphic research[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;860749&#8243;]Detection of subsurface leaks[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;179433&#8243;]Study of landslides[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;480472&#8243;]Mineral prospecting[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;6\/12&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;116090&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; desktop_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;204730&#8243;][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;bottom&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; back_color=&#8221;color-172302&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;172332&#8243; back_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_transform=&#8221;uppercase&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;188281&#8243;]Fields of Application:[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;122895&#8243;]Checking for the presence of structural discontinuities (faults, slip-surfaces, etc.)[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;587631&#8243;]Verification of presence or search for groundwater[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;708001&#8243;]Study of pollution phenomena in soils or groundwater[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;164045&#8243;]Definition of contaminated volumes[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;165166&#8243;]Search for hidden cavities[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;188515&#8243;]Stratigraphic research[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;191797&#8243;]Detection of subsurface leaks[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;212182&#8243;]Study of landslides[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;441923&#8243;]Mineral prospecting[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][uncode_block id=&#8221;108192&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; 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