{"id":109157,"date":"2025-07-29T12:17:03","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T10:17:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geosurveys.it\/?page_id=109157"},"modified":"2025-08-06T15:12:25","modified_gmt":"2025-08-06T13:12:25","slug":"seismics-borehole","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/geosurveys.it\/en\/seismics-borehole\/","title":{"rendered":"Seismics Borehole"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; back_color=&#8221;color-jevc&#8221; back_image=&#8221;108828&#8243; overlay_color=&#8221;color-jevc&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;20&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;4&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; content_parallax=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;519806&#8243; overlay_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221; back_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_horizontal=&#8221;left&#8221; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;704479&#8243;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;103021&#8243;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; text_weight=&#8221;700&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;149366&#8243;]SEISMIC METHODS[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h1&#8243; text_font=&#8221;font-377884&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h1&#8243; text_weight=&#8221;500&#8243; css_animation=&#8221;curtain-words&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;486918&#8243;]Seismics Borehole[\/vc_custom_heading][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;3&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; content_parallax=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;204319&#8243;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;149024&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;104431&#8243;][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;-2&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;7\/12&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;127737&#8243;][vc_single_image media=&#8221;109360&#8243; media_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;124359&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; css_animation=&#8221;bottom-t-top&#8221; animation_delay=&#8221;300&#8243; width=&#8221;5\/12&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;218625&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1748424728366{padding-right: 30px !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h3&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h3&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;200708&#8243;]Borehole seismic surveys, including down-hole and cross-hole methodologies (in 2D and 3D configurations), are high-resolution geophysical techniques used to characterize the elastic properties of soils and rocks in situ.[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;201060&#8243;]These methods make it possible to accurately determine the propagation velocities of elastic waves (P-waves and S-waves) along known depths, as well as to calculate key geotechnical parameters, such as shear modulus, Young&#8217;s modulus, and compressibility modulus.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;382692&#8243;]The investigation is based on the insertion of a seismic source and triaxial geophones inside one or more boreholes. In the down-hole configuration, the source is placed at the surface, while the geophones are lowered progressively in depth; in contrast, in the cross-hole configuration, both the source and the sensors are inserted in separate holes at the same depth, allowing direct velocity measurement between two known points. In the 3D cross-hole variant, the use of multiple holes arranged in complex geometric configurations allows for a three-dimensional reconstruction of the volume being investigated, which is particularly useful in advanced engineering and the design of strategic works.[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;3&#8243; desktop_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; mobile_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;2&#8243; desktop_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; medium_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; content_parallax=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;141228&#8243;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;1&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;-5&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;3&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; css_animation=&#8221;left-t-right&#8221; animation_speed=&#8221;1100&#8243; animation_delay=&#8221;600&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;656733&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; mobile_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;353294&#8243;][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;bottom&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; back_color=&#8221;color-172302&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;3\/12&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;712395&#8243; back_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_transform=&#8221;uppercase&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;261115&#8243;]Fields of Application:[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;186771&#8243;]Computation of dynamic parameters of soils[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;159021&#8243;]Seismostratigraphic reconstruction[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;847876&#8243;]Searching for cavities[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;bottom&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; back_color=&#8221;color-172302&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;3\/12&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;594545&#8243; back_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;146483&#8243;]Verification of soil consolidation effectiveness[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;772200&#8243;]Definition of water-table depth[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;129061&#8243;]Verification of elastic properties of artificial fills, embankments, and levees[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;6\/12&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;116090&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner row_inner_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; desktop_visibility=&#8221;yes&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;199612&#8243;][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;bottom&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; back_color=&#8221;color-172302&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;712395&#8243; back_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_transform=&#8221;uppercase&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;112438&#8243;]Fields of Application:[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;526740&#8243;]Computation of dynamic parameters of soils[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;754759&#8243;]Seismostratigraphic reconstruction[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;126743&#8243;]Searching for cavities[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;134900&#8243;]Verification of soil consolidation effectiveness[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; text_size=&#8221;&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;155297&#8243;]Definition of water-table depth[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;170617&#8243; sep_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;p&#8221; 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